information: 2009

Saturday, November 28, 2009

With a Twist Microsoft
Although Microsoft is known for creating and distributing the Arial font, which is derived from Helvetica, the software company's own logo is written in Helvetica. The “o” has a notch cut out of its side, however, adding a visual twist to the italicized Microsoft name.
Microsoft is leading Google with a gap of a decade. It is said that the place at which Google is today was acquired by Microsoft 10 years before. “Google’s a great company, got some great products, but you know in some respects I think Google is where Microsoft was 7 or 10 years ago”, Peter Cullen, Microsoft’s chief privacy strategist.
“Google had not invested enough to build privacy into its products. Microsoft has over 40 full-time people invested in privacy and over 400 part-time people. Google hasn’t–at least from what I read about them–evolved to that.”
“We think about privacy as part of the core design…We have thought about how to design privacy into the product, as opposed to how to react to the negative impressions,” he commented.

At first, Gates’ company, the master of the operating systems market, sort of smiled. Yet, in the late 1990s they started worrying. Today they are panic-stricken and hot under the collar. In spite of the fact that all those years they had been struggling in the name of freedom in the software market, now they are begging for government protection against… unfair competition. Their slogan of course would be no other than “homeland, religion and copyright”. They have justified their demands by claiming that the movement for an open code “have been undermining the state law on copyright. According to the company vice-chairman, Mr. Graig Mundie, who was summoned to an open debate with Richard Stallman at the NY University, a software that would not be copyrighted would harm the USA exports by being a free one instead of one produced by the Microsoft company. In this case, one might as well paraphrase the General Motors managing director’s words: “What is good for the Microsoft is good for America”.

Bill Gates’ old Harvard fellow student, Richard Stallman, (the labels put on him by his critics range from “thief” to “communist”) is having the time of his life from beginning to end: “I’ve been accused of causing damage worth of millions of dollars to the informatics companies. I do hope that’s true.”
The debate in NYU generated a new circle of discussion focusing on the monopoly imposed by the Microsoft and on the business practices applied in the market by them. The sole topic for conversation amongst the net newsgroups dealing with informatics is the Microsoft-Free Software Foundation head-on collision.
“The Microsoft”, as Eben Moglen professor of the Law School at the University of Columbia has noted, “who all these years have been making out that the software market is by all means a ruthlessly competitive one, have now found themselves being forced to cope with a competitor, whose production and distribution pattern is far better than theirs and are in no position of a long-term victory. Now, they have been striving to scare people out of interacting with a business rival who they can neither intimidate, nor stop, nor even buy off.”

Bill Gates, oversaw Microsoft's company ,restructuring on June 25, 1981, which re-incorporated ,the company in Washington and made, Bill Gates President of Microsoft ,and the Chairman of the Board. Microsoft launched, its firstretail version of Microsoft Windows, on November 20, 1985, and in August, the company struck ,a deal with IBM, to develop a separate operating, system called OS/2. Although the two, companies successfully, developed the first ,version of the new system, mounting creative, differences undermined, the partnership. Bill Gates distributed ,an internal memo on May 16, 1991, announcing that the OS/2 partnership was over ,and Microsoft would shift its, efforts to the Windows NT, kernel development.

WEAPONS

It is also not surprising that the weapons to be carried by both the F-35 and F-22 are comparable to those carried by the F-16 and F-15, respectively. Both the F-15 and F-22 were designed primarily for air-to-air combat and feature a corresponding weapons load of air-to-air missiles. As discussed in a previous question about the F-22 weapons carriage capacity, the aircraft is equipped with four internal bays. Two small side bays are designed for the short-range AIM-9M Sidewinder air-to-air missile while the two center bays were each sized around three medium-range AIM-120C AMRAAM missiles. The F-35, being a much smaller aircraft, has only two center bays. The location and size of these two bays, as well as six external wing pylons, can be seen in the following image. The diagram compares the weapons stations on the CTOL and largely identical short takeoff and landing (STOVL) variants of the JSF versus the carrier-based (CV) model that has a larger wing. Note that the bays of the F-35B STOVL variant were redesigned in late 2004 and are now 14 inches shorter, and perhaps reduced in width, compared to the F-35A CTOL model. This decision was made to reduce the weight of the F-35B in order to meet more important performance goals. Otherwise, the following diagram remains accurate.

General layout of weapons bays and external hardpoints on the JSF variants

Compared to the JSF, the F-22 Raptor is indeed larger in size and internal volume. Nevertheless, the F-22 suffers from one key limitation. Its center bays were designed around the AIM-120 AMRAAM that is only about 12 ft (3.65 m) in length and has a maximum fin span of about 1.5 ft (0.45 m). These dimensions are quite sufficient for the aircraft's primary role as an air superiority fighter. However, the end of the Cold War forced the Air Force to change priorities and give the F-22 a stronger ground attack capability. Unfortunately, most air-to-ground weapons are significantly longer, wider, taller, and heavier than the AIM-120, making it difficult to integrate such weapons into the F-22 bays. The only weapon that has been integrated so far is the GBU-32 JDAM, a GPS-guided bomb that is about 10 ft (3.05 m) in length and is based on the 1,000 lb (455 kg) Mk-83 general purpose bomb.
Most air-to-surface weapons are in the 2,000-lb (910 kg) class, however, but these weapons are usually around 12.5 to 14 ft (3.80 to 4.25 m) long and too large to fit within the F-22. Bearing these limitations in mind, JSF designers purposefully sized the two internal bays around these larger 2,000-lb class weapons. The two weapons that have predominantly dictated the overall length and depth of the bays are the AGM-154 JSOW and the GBU-31 2,000 lb (910 kg) version of JDAM.

F-35 internal weapons

Not included in this diagram are weapons in source selection as of this writing that are to be added to the internal carriage list. These weapons include the American GBU-39 Small Diameter Bomb, of which four can be carried on the air-to-ground station in each bay, and a new 500 lb laser guided bomb for the British (ultimately won by the Paveway IV). Another possible addition is a new variant of JDAM being considered by the US that will add a digital scene matching capability for improved accuracy.
The F-35 also has six external pylons, three under each wing. The inboard station is designed for up to 5,000 lb (2,265 kg) loads and will most likely be used to carry external fuel tanks. The pylon can carry 2000-lb class air-to-ground weapons as well. The midboard pylon is also primarily intended for air-to-ground weapons and can carry up to 2,500 lb (1,135 kg). The surface attack weapons compatible with these two pylons include many of the same ones carried internally as well as additional stores that are too large to fit in the bays. The outboard station on each wing, however, is a dedicated air-to-air station carrying up to 300 lb (135 kg) and designed specifically for short-range infrared guided missiles like AIM-9X Sidewinder. A list of weapons currently planned for external carriage is illustrated below. Note that training bombs have not been included in this list.

F-35 external weapons

You also ask about whether the aircraft has a gun, and the answer depends on what variant you ask about. The Air Force's CTOL model is the only version carrying an internal gun. The GAU-12 25-mm cannon is mounted above the engine inlet on the left side of the plane, as shown in the diagram below.

The weapons industry’s concern about belt-tightening notwithstanding, the military budget is likely to continue its dramatic growth. The Defense Department’s base budget, which does not include funds for nuclear weapons or the $12-billion-a-month “war on terror” has grown by nearly 70% – from $316 billion in 2001 to a request for more than $515 billion for 2009’s fiscal year (which begins in October).

Despite the fact that these figures represent close to what the rest of the world combined devotes to the military, neither Obama nor McCain has adopted reducing military spending as part of his national security plan. In fact, as both of them talk about modernizing the military for the 21st century and expanding the size of the armed forces, the billions add up.

The fairer-sex is always asscociated with everything materialistic. But, if you belong to a different genre for your tastes for weapons...yes, you read it right..weapons, nothing could do more justice than sophisticated weapons for sophisticated Ladies!! A unique artistic, Antonio Riello has spruced-up real military weapons into fashion-acccessories by gorging them with leopard skins, brightly lacquered colors, inset jewels and fake furs. The designer has created a unique range of weapons for wives of mafia bosses, arms dealers, sophisticated ladies and exigent soldiers, that are just perfect to lend you that super-woman touch!! The designer has gone ballistic by attributing each weapon after the name of his love-interests. So ladies, get into the action!!

BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS

Business Communications by: Brounstein, Bell & Smith :
Business Communication:Communicate Effectively In Any Business EnvironmentMarty Brounstein, Arthur H. Bell & Dayle M. SmithWileyISBN 9780471790778This book was just released in the spring of 2007. The authors did extensive research and used the materials in the classroom. This is an excellent resource and would be a good tool on the bookshelf in any office or business, or for any student who has to prepare business reports. Like Work term reports. The book goes through the do's and don'ts of business communication and the new business etiquette in an electronic age.The Sections of the book are:Part I: Foundations of Business CommunicationPart II: The Writing processPart III: Letters, Memos, E-Mail, and Other Brief MessagesPart IV: Developing Speaking SkillsPart V: Reports and ProposalsPart VI: Employment MessagesThis book is packed full of new features and online support to help make the information more accessible and easily applicable, either in the classroom or in the office. There is a website: www.wiley.com/college/brounsteinIt has a pretest and a posttest for each chapter to check your knowledge. You can use the pretest to determine where to focus your effort in the chapter, and the posttest to see how you did. There is also a quiz at the end of each chapter to make sure you have grasped the concepts in that chapter. The book also has some information on new laws regarding emails and the use of them in court and as legal documents.Some of the other features are an extensive Glossary, and a number of appendices with samples of most of the documents discussed in the book. Also included in each chapter are extensive samples and examples of the different styles commonly used in business documents.In my experience, most textbooks are not well written, or easily accessible to the student or a person looking to work through it on their own. I have a professor at UW who changed textbooks every term because he could never find one he was satisfied with for more than one term. This book would not fall into that category. It is user-friendly, well organized, comprehensible and useful. This book will be referenced for years to come. If you're writing positive business letters, negative messages or trying to write persuasively, this book will give you examples aplenty and the skills to maximize your business communication. Most of those skills will be transferable into writings reports and essays during your time at UW.

English for Business Communications:
The English for Business Communications examinations are a suite of qualifications in modern written Business English. They are designed to meet the present day organisations for fast and accurate communication in the international sphere. They test your ability to perform in real business situations through the medium of English.
Who is the qualification for?This qualification is ideal if you are preparing for, or already working in an occupation requiring the ability to read and write business communications in English.
Which levels are covered?You can enter the exam at levels Intermediate, Higher Intermediate, and Advanced.
How will I be assessed?Each assessment takes the form of an in-tray simulation. You are placed in a role of a junior executive or personal assistant in a commercial company. The examination paper consists of a selection of realistic documents like letters, memos, emails, faxes, and reports. You will have to draft appropriate replies or write similar documents in accordance with instructions. In the recognition of the realistic nature of the examination tasks, you may use a monolingual (English-English) or bilingual dictionary in the examination, and may use a typewriter or word processor to complete the tasks.

HOW TO WORK?

We've all had to suck it up and play along at one point or another. Try as we might, we can't avoid it -- the office icebreaker. At many an awkward gathering, you'll find an excited leader who insists on an activity to break the ice between strangers. And sometimes, as much as many of us hate to admit it, icebreaker activities do give us an opportunity to meet and learn about our coworkers. Ironically, if nothing else, the shared anguish of the icebreaker experience fuels camaraderie.
Icebreakers are group activities or games intended to help people get acquainted. The group could be made up of total strangers, people who are only loosely acquainted or co-workers who don't naturally socialize (or possibly don't even get along). How do businesses use icebreakers to improve communications among employees?
Stockbyte/Getty ImagesUse icebreakers in an awkward meeting to get people talking.
One theory poses that icebreakers evolved from a psychology trend in the 1960s called the Human Potential Movement [source: Tennant]. Subscribers to this movement believe that people possess hidden talents and abilities that can be best drawn out and cultivated by organized group activities and interaction with others. One of the methods used to draw out someone's talents would be to encourage assertive behavior [source: Corsini]. Icebreaker games encourage participants to take initiative and instigate interaction with others in order to help the whole group integrate.
Despite the potential emotional discomfort of an icebreaker, many experts agree that icebreaker activities are extremely useful. Knowing good icebreaker techniques can help individuals learn how to comfortably start up conversations in day-to-day interactions as well as reduce stress, and, theoretically, increase productivity in an office. In the next few pages, we'll look at some tried and true icebreakers that work for adults in a variety of situations. Although they're loosely broken into categories, many of the games listed are versatile and can be used in several kinds of environments. We'll start with the most common icebreakers, those meant for a group of strangers, on the next page.

Back to the Basics of Business CommunicationsApril 5th, 2009 Posted by Tawnya Lancaster Posted in Blog, online communication
We in Silicon Valley can run the risk of falling victim to technology, forgetting about the communication basics that make for successful business development. Dare I say it? Sometimes, we rely too much on the interface — our emails, Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn and Blogs — and not enough on personal contact.
That’s why I found my conversation so interesting with Steve Tully, former Chair to the Silicon Valley Capital Club Board of Governors and Founder of Advantage Office Furniture which resells used (Fortune 100) and remanufactured office furniture. Steve is a firm believer in “constant contact” (and I’m not talking about the email service provider).
It’s serving him well. When most businesses are losing clients, Steve’s revenues are actually going up. (And that’s for someone who’s selling office furniture to businesses in a down economy — go figure.) So what’s he doing? Well, I asked.
You mentioned that your business is actually doing well despite the economy. What are the top three things you’re doing that is making it possible for you to increase sales while everyone else is struggling?
I daily track people I meet into my contacts file and follow–up with them with an email the same day.
I daily place 20 to 25 listings on Craiglist and follow up on reply responses I receive back. (You can replace Craigslist with your own sales channel.)
I daily see ten clients face–to–face (eyeball–to–eyeball).
What would you recommend people “change” that would make them more successful with business development?
One needs to be totally honest with themselves and the team.
Members should share business projects.
Keep a 12–hour workday.
Divide your workday into four segments — 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.
Three time slots for email communications
Personal contact and communication with clients three or four times daily
One daily outside group meeting — other than your business
Close two deals a day (receive payment) and present two deals per day (viable sales presentations)
Here’s another interesting tidbit about Steve. He’s now in his seventies, but had no problem jumping in when it came to adopting new business channels for his company. He’s got videos on YouTube, is running ads on Craigslist and more. He says that the majority of his sales now come from online channels.

For Business Communication courses.Real-world training for the business world of today and tomorrow.The field’s leading text for more than two decades, Business Communication Today continues to provide the cutting-edge coverage that students can count on to prepare them for real business practice. Other textbooks release new editions that don’t reflect their copyright year, training students in practices from the last decade. Bovée/Thill provides real-world training for the business world of today and tomorrow.Updated with a more interactive and conversational model called Business Communication 2.0, this edition introduces students to a vitally important way of thinking about communication, instructing them in the professional use of blogs, instant messages, wikis, twittering and other social media tools.

Sunday, November 15, 2009

PAKISTANI RUPEES

THE VALUE OF PAKISTANI RUPEES AND SHAPES:

Last week, while i was sitting with my friends, One of my friend “Imran Sajjad” asked me, “do you have old notes of Pakistan’s currency like PKR 5, 10 etc?”This question was surprised for me, I just replied why he want this. He said we should have a copy or pictures of old notes so that we can tell our new generation about our currency.As I have not old currency notes nor a pictures. So, I have decided to search and find the pictures of currency notes and try to put on the web.After a long searching, I just found some of the images… not sure either these are all or there is any other note too…
Thanks to banknotes and other site from where, I have able to get some of old Pakistani Note (Currency) pictures. While, some pictures are scanned myself.